See fundament in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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],
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{
"ipa": "/ˌfundaˈmɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfundaˌmɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfuːndaˈmɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfuːndaˌmɛnt/",
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}
],
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}
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},
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "fundāmentum"
},
"expansion": "Latin fundāmentum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing",
"2": "reborrowing"
},
"expansion": "reborrowing",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "fundament"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman fundament",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "before",
"2": "1398"
},
"expansion": "First attested before 1398",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":der",
"3": "enm:foundement",
"4": ":influence",
"5": "la:fundāmentum"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either a modification of earlier and more common foundement after Latin fundāmentum or less likely, a reborrowing from it; compare Anglo-Norman fundament. First attested before 1398.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fundamentes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foundament",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fondament",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "fowndament",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "fundament",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fundamentes"
},
"expansion": "fundament (plural fundamentes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The base; the lowest or foundational portion of something:",
"The foundation or understructure of a building."
],
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"lowest",
"lowest"
],
[
"foundational",
"foundational"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
],
[
"understructure",
"understructure"
],
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foundement"
},
{
"word": "fundacioun"
},
{
"word": "foundement"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The base; the lowest or foundational portion of something:",
"The anus or rectum."
],
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"lowest",
"lowest"
],
[
"foundational",
"foundational"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"anus",
"anus"
],
[
"rectum",
"rectum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The base; the lowest or foundational portion of something:",
"(anatomy) The anus or rectum."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foundement"
},
{
"word": "foundement"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The base; the lowest or foundational portion of something:",
"A fixed celestial object."
],
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"lowest",
"lowest"
],
[
"foundational",
"foundational"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"celestial",
"celestial"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The base; the lowest or foundational portion of something:",
"(astronomy, rare) A fixed celestial object."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foundement"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The basis or foundation for something"
],
"links": [
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
],
[
"something",
"something"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The basis or foundation for something:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fundacioun"
},
{
"word": "foundement"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The source or cause of something."
],
"links": [
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"something",
"something"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The source or cause of something."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foundement"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The ground (that something or someone stands on)"
],
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"something",
"something#English"
],
[
"someone",
"someone#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The ground (that something or someone stands on)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foundement"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌfundaˈmɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfundaˌmɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfuːndaˈmɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfuːndaˌmɛnt/",
"note": "influenced by founden or foundement"
}
],
"word": "fundament"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fundament meaning in Middle English (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.